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TABLE OF CØNTENTS<br/>Page<br/>PREFACE <br/>EDITORIAL NOTE <br/>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS <br/>TABLE OF CASES <br/><br/>CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND <br/>A.THE COMMON LAW OF THE RESTRAINT OF TRADE <br/>The Case of Monopolies <br/>An Introduction to the Theory of Monopoly <br/>The Real Issue in the Case of Monopolies <br/>An Act Against Regrators, Forestailers, and Ingrossers<br/>Questions <br/>Mitchel v. Reynolds <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Common Law on the Eve of the Sherman Act <br/><br/>B.THE ANTITRUST STATUTES <br/>Introduction <br/>Sherman Antitrust Act <br/>Notes<br/>Clayton Act <br/>Notes<br/>Federal Trade Commission Act <br/>Notes<br/><br/>C. THE JURISDICTIONAL REACH OF THE ANTITRUST LAWS<br/>1. Interstate Commerce <br/>United States v. E. C. Knight Co. <br/>Notes<br/>United States v. Sàuth-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n <br/>Notes and Questions<br/>Mandevilie Island Farms, Inc. v. American Crystal Sugar Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Burkev. Ford <br/>Questions <br/>Gulf Oil Corp. v. Copp Paving Co<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>McLain v. Real Estate Board of New Orleans, Inc.<br/>Questions <br/><br/>CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND—Continued Pega<br/>2.Foreign Com merce <br/>Introduction <br/>American Banana Co. v. United Fruit Co -United States v. Sisal Sales Corp. <br/>Continental Ore Co. v. Union Carbide & Carbon Corp<br/>Mannington Mills, Inc. v. Congoleum Corp. <br/>The Extent of Foreign Commerce Jurisdiction <br/>1.The existence of an effect on commerce <br/>a.Foreign monopolies <br/>b.Transportation <br/>e.Exports <br/>d.Joint ventures, patents, and sales territories <br/>2.The selection of a standard: how much commerce must be affected? <br/>3.Antitrust and respect for foreign law <br/>4.Personai jurisdiction <br/>5.Remedies <br/><br/>CHAPTER II. CARTELS <br/>A. THE EVOLUTION OF THE RULE AGAINST PRICE FIXING<br/>United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Ass'n <br/>The Early Enforcement of the Sherman Act <br/>The Economics of Cartelization <br/>Price Discrimination: An Introduction <br/>Price Fixing in the Raiiroad Industry <br/>"Ruinous Competition" <br/>Questions on the Trans-Missouri Case <br/>United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Price Fixing in Auction Markets <br/>United States v. Trenton Potteries Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Are Cartels Ever Justifiable? <br/>Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Antitrust Policy in the Depression <br/>United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. <br/>Questions <br/>Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Two Part Pricing <br/>National Macaroni Manufacturers Ass'n v. FTC <br/>Questions <br/><br/>CHAPTER II. CARTELS—Continued<br/>Monopsony <br/>The Effects of the Rule Against Price Fixing <br/>B. INTERLUDE: THE GOALS OF ANTITRUST LAW <br/>Introduction <br/>Richard A. Posner, Antitrust Law: An Economic Perspective<br/>F. M. Scherer, Book Review <br/>Robert Pitofsky, The Political Content of Antitrust <br/>Robert H. Bork, The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War with Itself <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>C.THE PROBLEM OF CHARACTERIZATION <br/>1.Informational Activities <br/>Board of Trade of City of Chicago v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>American Column & Lumber Co. v. United States <br/>Questions <br/>Maple Flooring Mfgrs.' Ass'n v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Container Corp. of America <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Information, Competition, and Coilusion <br/>United States v. United States Gypsum Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>2.Restrictions on Competition in the Distribution of Goods <br/>Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Economics of Resale Price Maintenance <br/>United States v. Colgate & Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. General Electric Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Simpson v. Union Oil Co. of California <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Albrecht v. Herald Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>White Motor Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Arnold, Schwinn & Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Free-Rider Problem in the Sealy and Topco Cases <br/>Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>What Is the Rule of Reason? <br/><br/>CHAPTER II. CARTELS—Contjnued <br/>3. Patent Licenses <br/>Patents and Antitrust <br/>The Rationale of Patent Protection <br/>United States v. General Electric Co. <br/>Why Did General Electric License Westinghouse? <br/>Standard 0i1 Co. (Indiana) v. United States <br/>Patent Licensing and Collusion <br/>United States v. Masonite Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Line Material Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>4. Exercising the Right to Petition Government <br/>Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc. <br/>Note<br/>California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited – <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Woods Exploration & Producing Co. v. Aluminum Co. of America<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>D. PROOF OF AGREEMENT <br/>Is Proof of Agreement Required? <br/>Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>American Tobacco Co. v. United States <br/>Behavior of a Monopolist Confronted with Falling Costs and Demands<br/>Antitrust as a Crime <br/>1. Sanctions <br/>2. Intent <br/>Theatre Enterprises, Inc. v. Paramount Film Distributing<br/>Corp <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Conscious Parallelism, Oligopoly Pricing, and the Nature of<br/>Agreement <br/>The Basing-Point Cases <br/><br/>CHAPTER III. MARKET DEFINITION AND MARKET<br/>POWER: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE<br/>"POWER OFFENSES" <br/>Economic Analysis<br/>United States v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. <br/>Cross-Elasticity of Demand <br/>Questions <br/>Brown Shoe Co. v. United States <br/> Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Aluminum Co. of America <br/><br/><br/>CHAPTER III. MARKET DEFINITION AND MARKET POWER: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE<br/>"POWER OFFENSES"—Continued<br/>Questions<br/>Telex Corp. v. International Business Machines Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Tampa Electric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Brief for the United States in United States v.<br/>Pabst Brewing Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Pabst Brewing Co<br/>Questions <br/>Department of Justice Merger Guidelines <br/>Notes<br/><br/>CHAPTER IV. MERGERS OF COMPETITORS <br/>A. MERGERS TO MONOPOLY <br/>Northern Securities Co. v. United States <br/>Contract versus Fusion as Methods of Eliminating Competi- <br/>Tion<br/>Questions on the Northern Securities Case <br/>The Factual Premises and Aftermath of the Northern Secur- <br/>ities Decision <br/>Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States <br/>Questions <br/>The Standard Oil Case and the Concept of Monopolization <br/>The Standard Oil Decree and Its Aftermath <br/>United States v. United States Steel Corp<br/>Questions <br/>The Theory of the Dominant Firm <br/>Antitrust Policy and the Merger-to-Monopoly Movement: <br/>Some Conjectures <br/><br/>B.OTHER HORIZONTAL MERGERS <br/>1. Enforcement Prior to the 1950 Amendments to Section 7 of the Clayton Act Introduction <br/>United States v. Columbia Steel Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>2. The Search for a Standard Under the Amended Section 7 of the Clayton Act <br/>Brown Shoe Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Why Mergers And Why an Antimerger Law? <br/>United States v. Philadelphia National Bank <br/><br/>CHAPTER IV. MERGERS OF COMPETITORS—Continued<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Von's Grocery Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Brief for the United States in United States v. Von's <br/>Grocery Co. <br/>Ease of Entry into the Retail Grocery Business <br/>Question<br/>The Merger Law and the Protection of Small Business <br/>Department of Justice Merger Guidelines <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Guidelines' Criteria of lilegality for Horizontal <br/>Mergers: A Critique <br/>United States v. General Dynamics Corp. <br/>Questions<br/>The Failing-Company Defense <br/>United States v. Citizens and Southern National Bank <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>3.The Definition of Competition <br/>United States v. El Paso Natural Gas Co. <br/>Competition for the Market <br/>The El Paso Sequence <br/>Consent Judgments <br/>United States v. First National Bank and Trust Co. of <br/>Lexington <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Bank Merger Act of 1966 <br/>Automatic Stays of Mergers <br/>United States v. Continental Can Co. <br/>Notes and QuestiÓns <br/>Does Monopoly Retard Innovation? <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Procter & Gambie Co<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Barriers to Entry <br/>The Significance of Potential Competition <br/>United States v. Penn-Olin Chemical Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Marine Bancorporation, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Problems of Remedy in Merger Cases <br/><br/>CHAPTER V. THE PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ANTITRUST LAWS <br/>A. THE RISE OF THE PRI VATE ACTION <br/>B. WHO CAN BRING SUIT, AND FOR WHAT HARMS? <br/>1. Who Is a "Person"? <br/><br/>CHAPTER V. THE PRI VATE ENFORCEMENT OF THE <br/>ANTITRUST LAWS—Continued <br/>2.What Is "Business or Property"? <br/>Hawaii v. Standard Oil Co. of California <br/>Reiter v. Sonotone Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Private Enforcement of Legal Rules <br/>3.The Concept of Antitrust Injury <br/>Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Proper Measure of Damages <br/>4.The Requirement of Direct Injury <br/>Hanover Shoe, Inc. v. United Shoe Machinery Corp.<br/>Questions <br/>The Economics of the Passing-On Defense <br/>"Offensive Passing On" <br/>Brief for the United States in Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois <br/>Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Consequences of Awarding Full Recovery to Direct Victins <br/>5.Injunctions and Divestiture <br/>International Telephone & Telegraph Corp. v. General <br/>Telephone & Electronics Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>6.Contribution Among Defendants <br/>Professionai Beauty Supply, Inc. v. National Beauty Suppiy, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Contribution, Deterrence, and Settlement <br/>7.Antitrust Violations as a Defense <br/>Perma Life Mufflers, Inc. v. International Parts Corp.<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Other Antitrust Defenses <br/>C.PROCEDURE IN ANTITRUST CASES <br/>1.Class Actions and Parens Patriae Suits <br/>2. The Costs of Antitrust Litigation<br/>3. The Statute of Limitations <br/>4. Colateral Estoppel <br/><br/>CHAPTER VI. EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES <br/>A. MONOPOLIZATION AND ATTEMPTED MONOPOLIZATION UNDER SECTION 2 OF THE SHERMAN ACT <br/>Introduction <br/>Eastman Kodak Co. of New York v. Southern<br/>Photo Materials Co. <br/><br/>CHAPTER VI. EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES—Contjnued <br/>Questions <br/>United States v. Aluminum Co. of America <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Monopolization of Durable Goods <br/>The Remedy in the Aluminum Case <br/>United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Exclusionary Practices in the Shoe Machinery Case <br/>The Remedy in the Shoe Machinery Case <br/>United States v.Grinnell Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Berkey Photo, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Waiker Process Equipment, Inc.v. Food Machinery & <br/>Chemical Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Empire Gas Corp<br/>Petition for a Writ of Certiorari in United States v. Empire <br/>Gas Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>PREDATORY PRICING <br/>Introduction: The Economics of Predatory Pricing <br/>Utah Pie Co. v. Continental Baking Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Pricing and Competitive Equilibrium <br/>Telex Corp. v. International Business Mach. Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Recoupment <br/>Pacific Engineering & Production Co. v. Kerr-McGee Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>BOYCOTTS AND REFUSALS TO DEAL <br/>Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Ass'n <br/>v.United States <br/>Questions <br/>The Economics of the Eastern States Boycott <br/>Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. Federal Trade <br/>Commission <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Could the Guild's Boycott Work?<br/>Kiefer-Stewart Co. v. Joseph E. Seagram & Sons <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Intra-Enterprise Conspiracy <br/>Klor's, Inc. v. Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc<br/>Questions <br/>Retail Boycotts and Free Riding <br/><br/>CHAPTER VI. EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES—Continued <br/>Are Boycotts lilegal Per Se? <br/>United States v. Parke, Davis and Co. <br/>Questions <br/>United States v. General Motors Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Dealer and Distributor Terminations <br/>Lorain Journal Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Terminal Railroad Ass'n of St. Louis<br/>Questions and Note <br/>"Regulatory" Decrees in Antitrust Cases <br/>Associated Press v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Property Rights in News: The Unrecognized Issue in the <br/>Associated Press Case <br/>Silver v. New York Stock Exchange <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>D. TYING ARRANGEMENTS AND RELATED PRACTICES 777<br/>Henry v. A.B. Dick Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Mfg. Co.<br/> Question <br/>Carbice Corp. of America v. American Patents Development <br/>Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Mercoid Corp. v. Mid-Continent Inv. Co. <br/>Questions <br/>International Business Machines Corp. v. United States <br/>Questions <br/>International Salt Co. v. United States <br/>Questions <br/>Moore v. Jas. H. Matthews & Co. <br/>Questions <br/>Theories of Tie-Ins <br/>Zenith Radio Corp. v. Hazeltine Research, Inc. <br/>Questions <br/>The Economics of End-Product Royalties <br/>Times-Picayune Pub. Co. v. United States <br/>Northern Pacific Railway Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. Loew's, Inc. <br/>Questions <br/>A Theory of Block Booking <br/>Fortner Enterprises, Inc. v. United States Steel Corp. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Posner & Eastorbrook-Antltnjst Lsw ACB-2 <br/><br/>CHAPTER VI. EXCLUSIONARY PRACTICES—Contjnued Page<br/>Warriner Hermetics, Inc. v. Copeiand Refrigeration Corp<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Kentucky Fried Chicken Corp. v. Diversified Packaging Corp<br/>Questions<br/>845 Bogosian v. Gulf 0i1 Corp<br/>845 Notes and Questions<br/> Federal Trade Commission v. Consolidated Foods Corp<br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Economics of Reciprocal Buying <br/>Are Firms Really Profit Maximizers? <br/>E. VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND EXCLUSIVE DEALING 857<br/>Foreclosure <br/>United States v. Columbia Steel Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>United States v. E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. <br/>Questions <br/>The Economics of Vertical Integration <br/>Standard Oil Co. of California v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>Exclusive Dealing <br/>Tampa Eiectric Co. v. Nashville Coal Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Brown Shoe Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Brown Shoe Co<br/>Questions <br/>Department of Justice Merger Guidelines <br/>Questions <br/><br/>CHAPTER VII. LEGISLATIVE ISSUES IN ANTITRUST<br/>POLICY:DECONCENTRATION <br/>CONGLOMERATES <br/>Note<br/>A.CONCENTRATED INDUSTRIES <br/>Introduction <br/>White House Task Force Report on Antitrust Policy (The "Neal Report") <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Profits, Coliusion and Concentration <br/>Why Does Concentration Persist? <br/>Efficiencies as a Defense <br/>B. CONGLOMERATE MERGERS <br/>Introduction <br/>Statement of John H. Shenefield, Assistant Attorney General,Antitrust Division <br/><br/>CHAPTER VII. LEGISLATIVE ISSUES IN ANTITRUST POLICY: DECONCENTRATION AND<br/>CONGLOMERATES—Continued Paga<br/>Statement of Ralph Nader and Mark Green <br/>Economic Objections to Conglomerates <br/>Conglomerates and Concentration <br/>Political Values <br/>Benefits of Conglomerate Mergers <br/><br/>CHAPTER VIII. SECONDARY-LINE PRICE DISCRIMINATION AND RELATED PRACTICES UNDER THE ROBINSON-PATMAN ACT<br/>A. THE EFFECT OF PRICE DISCRIMINATION ON COMPETITION AMONG THE DISCRIMINATING SELLER'S CUSTOMERS <br/>An Introduction to the Robinson-Patman Act <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Morton Salt Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Discrimination and Competition <br/><br/>B.WHAT IS DISCRIMINATION? <br/>1.What Product and Cost Characteristics Count? <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Borden Co.Notes and Questions <br/>2.Buyers' Services, Allowances, and Brokerage <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Fred Meyer, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. Henry Broch & Co. <br/>Notes and Questions<br/> <br/>C.THE MEETING COMPETITION DEFENSE <br/>Federal Trade Commission v. A.E. Staley Mfg. Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Standard Oil Co. v. Federal Trade Commission <br/>Note<br/>United States v. United States Gypsum Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>D. BUYERS' LIABILITY <br/>Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Federal<br/>Trade Commission <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Decline of Robinson-Patman Enforcement <br/><br/>CHAPTER IX. ANTITRUST IN THE REGULATED INDUSTRIES<br/>Introduction <br/>A.ANTITRUST LAW AND GENERAL REGULATION <br/>Otter Tail Power Co. v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>CHAPTER IX. ANTITRUST IN THE REGULATED INDUSTRIES—Continued <br/>United States v. National Ass'n of Securities Dealers, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>B.DECISIONS BY STATES TO REPLACE COMPETITION WITH REGULATION<br/>Parker v.Brown <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Rationale of the Parker Doctrine <br/>The Parker Doctrine after Parker <br/>City of Lafayette v. Louisiana Power & Light Co. <br/>Notes and Questions California Retail Liquor Dealers Ass'n v. <br/>Midcal Aluminum, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/><br/>C.THE EXEMPTED INDUSTRIES <br/>1.Agriculture <br/>Maryland and Virgínia MiIk Producers Ass'n, Inc. v.<br/>United States <br/>National Broiler Marketing Ass'n v. United States <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>The Interpretation of Antitrust Exemptions <br/>2.Insurance <br/>Group Life & Health Insurance Co. v. Royal Drug Co. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>Exemptions and Antitrust Failure <br/>Regulation of Insurance Prices <br/>3.Transportation <br/>Federal Maritime Commission v. Seatrain Lines, Inc. <br/>Notes and Questions <br/>4.Miscellaneous <br/>Appendix: Introduction to the Economics of Antitrust <br/>Index<br/><br/><br/> |
