Contents

Executive Summary

Chapter 1: Introduction
Importance of competition policy for the broadcast industry
Competition policy and broadcasting policy
Competition policy issues in the broadcast industry
Organisation of the report

Chapter 2: The Growth of Private Broadcasting
Constraints on broadcast channels
Overcoming the spectrum constraint
Economic reasons for the growth of cable, DBS and MMDS

Chapter 3: Broadcasting In Member Countries
Australia
Austria
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
European Communities

Chapter 4: Organisation of the Broadcasting Industry
Basic economic activities and transactions
Programme production and sale of broadcast rights
Programme packaging
Delivery of programming

Chapter 5: Economic Analysis of Broadcast Markets
Supply of broadcast services to consumers
Purchase of programming rights
Supply of programming

Chapter 6: Basic Competition Analysis Applied to Broadcast Markets
Introduction
Horizontal market analysis: general issues
Market definition
Interpreting market concentration
Entry and other supply responses
Monopsony power

Chapter 7: Vertical Integration and Vertical Contract Policy Issues
Introduction
Vertical integration and contract controls: general principles
Issues of vertical contracts and vertical integration 1: programme production and programme networks
Organising the vertical relationship by integration
Issues of vertical contracts and integration II: exclusionary practices

Chapter 8: Concentration of Media Ownership
Horizontal media concentration issues
Vertical media concentration issues
Conglomerate relationships
Objectives other than competition

Chapter 9: Multichannel video distribution: the role and extent of competition
Introduction
Competition from traditional broadcasters
Possibilities for entry and competition among multichannel suppliers
Regulation of multichannel video distribution
Policies to support market competition

Chapter 10: Competition Policy and the Broadcast
Industry in Member Countries
Introduction
Australia
Austria
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Japan
New Zealand
Norway
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
European Communities

Chapter 11: Conclusions
Appendix A: Monopsony Power, Bargaining Power, and Efficiency
Buyer bargaining power and the prices of popular programming
The elasticity of programme supply revisited
The effect of uncertainty about programme revenues
Appendix B: Contracting Between Networks and Independent
Programme Producers
Contracts versus bills of sale
Contract remedies
Appendix & Simulation Study of Entry by Competing
Cable Distribution Companies

Notes
Bibliography