Summary
Foreword
Editors' Note
Publishers' Note
List of Contributors

PART I: Foundations and Phjlosophical Insights on Competition

What is Competition? - The Meanings and Usefulness
of "Competition" as the Measure of Legality
Eleanor M. Fox, New York University
"The tool is the message: Time to improve the antitrust toolbox"
Michelle Meagher, Universitv College London
The Prime Objective of Competition Laws
Gönenç Gürkaynak, ELIG Gürkaynak Attorneys-at-Law
Viewing Competition: Power As a Lens
David J. Gerber, Chicago-Kent College of Law
Some Reflections from Last Century.
lan S. Forrester, lan Forrester Consulting
The Law's Answers to the Question: "Why Competition?"
Edward M. lacobucci, University of Toronto
20 Years of Changes .
Olivier Guersent. European Commission's Directorate-General for Competition
An Analysis of Why Competition
Diane P. Wood, The University of Chicago
The Goals of Competition Law: Is "Consumer Welfare"
Really Better Defined Than "Competition as Such"?
Florian Wagner-von Papp. Helmut Schmidt Universit University of the Federal Armed
Forces in Hamburg (HSU)

Competition Policy, Anticompetitive Market Distortions,
and Economic Welfare
Alden F. Abbott, Mercatus Center at George Mason University
Why is Competition a Good Thing
Luis Cabral, New York University
A Return to 1912: The Antitrust Center Will Not Hold
Matt Stoller. Open Markets Institute
No Need to Bang on the Table
Anthony M. Collins. General Court of the European Union
Both Private and Public Powers Are Going Beyond Their Bounds
Let's Keep an Eye on Both
Giuliano Amato, Constitutional Court of ltaly
About Competition Jurisdictional Control
Hubert Iegal, Council of the European Union
Competition Law in Question: Putting It into Perspective
Frédéric Jenny, Organisation for Economic Co-operatiun and Development (OECD)
The Theory of the Free Market of Ideas
Marcela Iacub, French National Centre for Scientific Research
The Market of Ideas
Gaspard Koenig, GenerationLibre

PART II Global Competition Challenges and Opportunities
Why Competition in Developing Countries? Key Challenges
from the Latin American experience
Paulo Burnier da Silveira, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The Indispensable Role of Antitrust Enforcement
in Less Developed Countries
williard Mwemba, The COMESA Competition Comission
Amazon's Pricing Algorithms and the Enforcement Response
in the US and Europe
Fiona M. Scott-Morton, Yale University
Financial Stability and Competition in the Single Market
Nadia Calviño, European lnvestment Bank, and Martin Merlin, European Commission
Why Competition? Case for Japan and Asia
Reiko Aoki, Japan Fair Trade Commission
Why Competition? Voice from China
Xiaoye Wang, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Competition Policy in Progressive Economic transition Nations:
A Perspective from China
Huang Yong, University of International Business and Economics
Competition Policy Objectives and Beyond: The Case of Egypt
Mahmoud Momtaz and Rana Aref, Egyptian Competition Authority
Competition in Small Island Economies in Oceania:
What Regulatory Tools?
Stéphane Retterer, New Caledonia Competition Authority
Creating and Promoting Competitive Markets in Singapore-
Perspectives from a SmalI and Open Economy
Sia Aik Kor. Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore
Competition Law in an Era of Deglobalization
Jan Blockx. University of Antwerp
Competition Policy in Mexico: A New Chapter
Andrea Marvan Saltiel, Mexican Competition Authoritv (COFECE)
Argentine Competition Policy: A Matter of Faith
Pablo Trevisán, Instituto de Derecho de Ia Competencia (IDC)
Why Competition? A Review of Competition Regulation in Africa:
Focusing on Key Competition Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Francis Wang'ombe Kariuki. Bowmans
Competition Law in Need for Speed
Andreas Heinemann, University of Zurich
Bureaucratic Politics in China's Antitrust Enforcement
Angela Zhang, King's College London
Possible Reform of Competition Law: Food for Thought to Improve
the Interplay between Merger Control and Other EU Policies
Pascal Belmin, Airbus

PART III: Enforcement and Market Regulation
Enforcing Competition Law - Finding the Right Balance
between Structure and Effect
Andreas Mundt. Federal Cartel Officc (Bundeskartellamt)
Why Competition and Competition Law Enforcement
Jacques Steenbergen. KU Leuven
A 'General' Court in Name OnIy?
Llf Öberg. General Court of the European Union
Back To Basics: The Fight Against Cartels
Alexandre Cordeiro Macedo. Lílian Santos Marques Severino,
Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE)
Innovation Competition and Merger Policy: New? Not Sure.
Robust? Not Quite
Nicolas Petit. European University Institute
Minority Interests and Joint Shareholding:
A New Age of Enforcement
Anne Wachsmann and Matthieu Blayney. Linklaters
The Optimal Competition Guide Stars - Economic RationaIity,
Due Process
Abbott B. Lipsky. GMU Antonin Scalia Law School
"Policeman" or Arbitrator?
Bruno Lasserre, Commission for Access to Administrative Documents (CADA)
Enhanced Enforcement Across Instruments
Cani Fernández and Marisa Tierno, National Commission for Markets
and Competition (CNMC)
State Aid Control Protects Competition from the Distortionary
Effect of State Aid: But Does the Control of State Aid
also Cause Distortions?
Phedon Nicolaides, University of Maastricht and the University of Nicosia.
and Alexander Rose. Commercial and Competition DWF
Does Improved Market Contestability lmply. Higher
Consumer Surplus?
Jorge Padilla and Salvatore Piccolo. (Compass Lexecon
Why Antitrust? Antimonopoly in Europe
Barry Lynn, Open Market. Institute
Towards a Manageable Concept of Abuse of Dominance in the EU
Rupprecht Podszun.Heinrich Heine University
Who Guards the Guardians? The Role of Perception Surveys
in Evaluating Competition Authorities
Felipe Irarrázabal. CentroCompetencia (CeCo) of Uniersidad Adolfo lbáñez
Form and Effects-Based Approaches: A Challenging Duality
in the Application of Article 102 TFEU
Ariel Ezrachi, University of Oxford
The General Court of the European Union on the Move
Laurent Truchot, General Caurt of the European Union
Leniency Policies in Anti-Cartel Enforcement: Critical Review
Is Well Overdue
Caron Beaton-Wells, The Australia and New Zealand School of Government
Rating Agencies: How to Improve Them
Nicolas Véron, Bruegel

PART IV: The Digital Age: Competition and Innovation
Current Approaches to Antitrust Are Not Delivering
Robust Competition
Rod Sims, Australian National University
Why Competition? Innovation
Aurelien Portuese, The George Washington University
KFTC's Response to Promote Competition in Digital markets
Han Ki Jeong, Korea Fair Trade Commission
Artificial Intelligence Systems and Competition
Pierre Larouche University of Montreal
From Cola to GAFAM: Defining Markets in Competition Law
and Sector-Specific Regulations
Christian Bovet, Universitv of Geneva
Why Competition Matters (in Generative AI)?
Nuno Cunha Rodrigues, Portuguese Competition Authority)
Digital Markets Act and Services of Artificial Intelligence
Andreas Schwab, European Parliament
Competition and Regulation in Digital Markets - Key Considerations
And Principles
Krisztian Katona, Computer & Communications lndustry Association (CCIA), Washington, DC
Opening Up Social Networks: Thinking Beyond
the Current Framework
Jean Cattan. French Digital Council
Competition Policy in the Digital Era
David Bailey, King's College London
Are Market Investigations a Suitable Tool for the Analysis
of Digital Markets?
Alejandra Palacios Prieto, University of Southern CaIifornia (USC)
Should Digital Antitrust be Ordoliberal?
Alexandre de Streel, University of Namur
Reinforcing the Digital Markets Act: Merger Control
and Structural Remedies.
Jens-Uwe Franck and Martin Pediz. Universit of Mannheim
State Support for Innovation: Time for Questions
Jean Pisani Ferry, Bruegel

PART V: Competition Policy as a Tool for Broader Societal Impact
Using Consumer Protection Law to Achieve Competition
Policy Goals
Darren Bush. University of Houston Law Center. and Spencer Weber Waller, Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Is it the Advent of Fairness
Marc Ivaldi and Connie Lee, Toulouse School of Economics. NERA
Universities, Competition, and Academic Values
Philip E. Ogden. Queen Mary University of London
Beyond Competition: What Is Needed to Make Markets
Work Well?
Alexis Walckiers, E.CA Economics

Why Competition Policy is Relevant to the Fight against Climate
Change and a Sustainable Future: What is the Problem
and What Are We Doing About It
Simon Holmes, Competition Appeal Tribunal
The Multiple Objectives of Competition Law: Juggling Between
Law and Politics
Marc van der Woude, General Court of the European Union
The Multidimensional Impact of Competition Advocacy
for the Creation of a Culture of Free and Fair Competition
Maria Elena Vásquez Taveras, National Commission for the Defense of Competition
(Pro-Competencia)
Justice for All: The Role of Competition Law Beyond
Consumer Protection
Samuel Chan, Hong Kong Competition Commission
Governance and Competition - The Case of Sports
Damien J. Neven. Graduate Institute of International and Development Studie
Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia University
The Agricultural Bermuda Triangle: A Tale of Three Market Failures
Martijn Snoep. The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets (ACM)
Competition Law: Solving or Dissolving the Social Question
Jean-Pascal Chazal, Sciences Po
Corporate Funding for Antitrust Academics can be a Problem
Cyril Ritter, European Commission
Competition: A Catholic Perspective
Étienne Perrot. Jesuit priest
Competition in Judaism ou the Balance of Hopes
Haim Korsia, Chief Rabbi of France
PART VI: Sector-Speci Insights
and Emerging Trends
Why Competition in Food Markets? An Analysis of Recent Trends
Teresa Moreira, Senior Competition expert, and Rodrigo Cárcamo-Díaz, Senior Economist and Commodities expert
Generative AI, pyramids and legal institutionalism
Thibault Schrepel. Vrije University of Amsterdam
A Consumer View of EU Competition Law: What's Working,
What Isn't, and How This Can Be Fixed
Agustin Reyna and Vanessa Turner. The European Consumer organisation (BEUC)
Competition: Economics, Evidence, Policy and Ethics
Darren Brady Nelson Center for Freedom and Prosperity
The Role of State Aid Rules in Ensuring a Level Playing Field,
and the Impact of Recent Crises
Nicole Robins. Oxera Consulting
Recent Trends at the Court of Justice of the European Union
Nils Wahl, Court of Justice of the European Union
Competition Law Institutions and Future Challenges
Imelda Maher and Mina Hosseini, UCD Sutherland School of Law
The Growing and Worrying Trend of Global Geopolitical
Protectionism
loannis Kokkoris, Queen Marv University of London

Why Competition? Voices from the Antitrust Community .
and Beyond
Gina Cass Gottlieb, Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
Competition in Troubled Times
Jonathan FauIl. Brunswiek Group
Is it Time for Competition Authorities to Modernize Their Vision
of the Consumer?
François Lévêque, Mines-ParisTech University PSL
State Aids, Banking Resolution and Quantitative Easing
Elie Cohen, National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)
Politics, Digital Innovation, Intellectual Property and the Future
of Competition Law
Josef Drexl, Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition

PART VII: Personal Reflections and Regional Experiences
Why Competition?
Calvin S. Goldman, Calvin Goldman Law
My Personal Competition Law Journey
Barry J. Rodger, University of Strathclyde
Why Has Competition Policy Played Such an Important Role
in the EU for So Long?
Jean-François Bellis. Van Bael & Bellis
Is Competition Everything? The UK Experience
Peter Freeman, Competition Appeal Tribunal
Competition as Mechanism for Fostering a Cohesive
and Effective Commercial System
Deborah Healy. The University of New South Wales
Competing To Be Competitive
Sir Philip Lowe, Oxera Consulting